Grade 8
History/Social Science
Standard 8.7

Students trace the divergent paths of the American people
from 1800 to the mid-1800's and the challeges they faced,
with an emphasis on the South.


 
Resources
Lesson Plans
Assessments

Previously Published Data

Life of a Slave Girl
http://www.gc.cc.va.us/
~gcadamj/hjhome.htm
Description: Harriet Jacobs was a slave in 19th century America. Her autobiography is a facinating tale about the life of a young girl and her family during that period.
Resource Type: Primary Source Text
Graphics Content: High

Sectional Conflict During the 1850s
http://jefferson.village.
virginia.edu/seminar/
unit4/unit4.html
Description: Read the words of mid 19th century American people as they hotly debated the slavery and states rights quesitons in the mid 19th century, issues so divisive that they resulted in tragic Civil War.
Comments: This is a site is co-sponsored by the National Archives and the University of Virginia. 
Resource Type: Primary Source Text
Graphics Content: High

Stratford Hall Plantation
http://www.stratfordhall.org/
Description: Take a virtual tour of a southern plantation, examine the document of the month, and explore life among children, indentured servants and slaves as well as plantation owners.
Comments: Stratford Hall is the birthplace of Robert E. Lee.
Resource Type: Mix of Text and Graphics
Graphics Content: High

Conditions on Louisiana Cotton Plantation 1853
http://vi.uh.edu/pages/
mintz/10.htm
Description: Solomon Northrup, a free black of New York who was kidnapped and sold into slavery, describes conditions he experienced on a cotton plantation in Louisiana in the 1840's.
Resource Type: Primary Source Text
Graphics Content: Low

Conditions on Tobacco and Cotton Plantations 
http://vi.uh.edu/pages/
mintz/11.htm
Description: Charles Ball describes life on a Maryland tobacco plantation and a cotton planatation in Georgia. Though he found "the general conditions of slavery...the same everywhere," he noted real differences in the manner in which slaves were treated.
Resource Type: Primary Source Text
Graphics Content: Low

Excerpts from Slave Narratives
http://vi.uh.edu/pages/
mintz/primary.htm
Description: This site has 46 excerpts from stories by and about slavery and the African American experience from 1682-1937. 
Comments: The resources are clear and accurate but the format is text only and difficult for young students. The source is identified at the bottom of each passage.
Resource Type: Primary Source Text
Graphics Content: High

To Live Like a Slave
http://www.history.org/other/
journal/slave.htm
Description: This Colonial Williamsburg Journal article describes life as a slave in colonial Virginia. Its pictures and personal discussion make the writing interesting and accessible to students.
Resource Type: Secondary Text
Graphics Content: High

We Lived in Log Huts
http://vi.uh.edu/pages/
mintz/12.htm
Description: In this excerpt from his autobiography, Josiah Henson describes how he lived as a slave on a Maryland plantation in the mid 19th c. 
Resource Type: Primary Source Text
Graphics Content: Low

Eli Whitney
http://www.invent.org/book/
book-text/108.html
Description: The life of Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. 
Comments: One page biography
Resource Type: Mix of Text and Graphics
Graphics Content: Low



 

Previously Published Data

A Point of View on Slavery: Slaveholders
http://www.archives.state.al.us/
teacher/slavery/slave3.html
This lesson studies slavery from the view of slaveholders. James A. Tait was a wealthy slaveholder in Wilcox County, Alabama. He recorded notes about his slaves, including births and family relationships, in a memorandum book. He also recorded his thoughts and advice to his children on the mangement of slaves and his plantation. As an amateur historian, it is your job to "read between the lines" to determine his beliefs about the institution of slavery and the nature of the enslaved peoples. 
Author: Alabama State Archives

Life in Rural Louisiana During the 1800's
http://asterix.ednet.lsu.edu/
~edtech/webquest/
laRural.htm
Explore virtula museums and artifacts from Louisana's history and rewrite a modern children's story to make it authentic to the historical period.
Author: Susan Crowther and Judy Ordoyne

Slave Code of 1833
http://www.archives.state.al.us/
teacher/slavery/slave1.html
Laws were passed to regulate slavery after Alabama became a territory and then a state. The antebellum legal status of slaves and "free persons of color" in the state of Alabama was defined and codified in the Slave Code of 1833. The primary source ducuments in this lesson discuss runaways, emancipation, sale, and other matters pertaining to slaves and free Blacks, giving a real understanding of how of how "democractic society" in the South really worked until the Civil Rights Movement. Vestiges of these laws are recognizable in the Jim Crow laws after the Civil War. 
 

Slavery: Point of View of Former Slaves
http://www.archives.state.al.us/
teacher/slavery/slave2.html
Here is your chance to be an amateur historian as you read and analyze oral accounts of slavery form those who lived it. These oral histories were done in the 1930's as part of the Federal Writer's Project .
Author: Alabama State Archives

Sweet Clara and the Freedom Quilt
http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/
curriculum/socialstd/grade5/
Sweet_Clara.html
This lesson is based on a true, little-known chapter in African American history retold by Deborah Hopkinson. As a seamstress in the Big House, Clara knows she's better off than the slaves who work the fields. But slavery has separated Clara from her mother, and she can never be happy. Clara dreams that they will be reunited one day and run away together - north to freedom. She sees how to use the cloth in her scrap bag to sew a map of the land - a freedom quilt - that no master will ever suspect is a map to freedom. To access this lesson, click on "return to Social Studies Overview page" and then on "Economics and Geography Lessons for 32 Children's Books." Select the title from the list.
Author: Patricia King Robeson

The Amistad Case
http://www.nara.gov/education/
teaching/amistad/home.html
Write an article for an 1841 newspaper describing the decision of the Supreme Court in the Amistad case. Research the provisions of the Congressional Act of March 19, 1819, for background information recognizing the differences in sectional reactions to the case.
Author: National Archives

To Be a Slave
http://www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/
score/slave/slavetg.html
After eading To Be A Slave (a collection of nonfictional accounts of slavery interwoven with historical narrative), by Julius Lester, you will complete activities which will help you answer the following questions: 1. What was a typical slave's day like? 2. What role did African-Americans play in the Civil War? 3. How do the lives of slaves and free blacks compare? Note: This is a great lesson for a humanities core class. 
Author: Liz Nichols

Two Tickets to Freedom
http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/
curriculum/socialstd/grade5/
Two_Tickets.html
Two Tickets to Freedom is a true story of fugitive slaves William and Ellen Craft. The story begins on a winter morning in 1848 when Ellen Craft, a light-skinned young slave, disguised in men's clothing, walks into a train station in Macon, Georgia, and purchases two tickets, one ticket was for herself and the other for her husband. Posed as a white Southern planter, and her husband, William, as her slave, she escaped to freedom. 
Author: Patricia King Robeson

When Rice Was King
http://www.cr.nps.gov/
nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/
3rice/3rice.htm
Textbooks tend to examine the 1750's-1850's in the South as the rise of cotton culture. It is important, however, to understand that before "cotton was king," the plantation system had already been producing crops such as rice, indigo, and tobacco for many decades. Using the primary material given here, pretend to be a newspaper reporter from a northern city who has come to interview people (both enslaved and free) living on a plantation similar to Chicora Wood. Note: Teachers will need to work with fifth graders on the background section of this activity but the maps and plantation plans are interesting and accessible for younger students.
Author: Fay Metcalf and Brenda Olio



Choose a partner and do a  2 or 3 minute skit based on one of the lessons in this
section.  The rubric will follow the 8.1 rubric.