EIGHTH GRADE |
HISTORY-SOCIAL SCIENCE
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Standard 8.1
Students understand the
major events preceding the founding of the nation and relate their significance
to the development of American constitutional democracy in terms_of:
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1.) The relationship between moral and political
ideas of the Great Awakening and the development of revolutionary fervor.
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2.) The philosophy of government expressed
in the Declaration of Independence with an emphasis on government as a
means of securing individual rights.
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3.) The significance of the American Revolution
as it affected France.
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Skills:
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Compare and contrast the important ministers of the Great Awakening
and the important "voices" of the American Revolution.
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Describe the importance of individual rights as expressed in the
Declaration of Independence and its importance today.
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Identify Lafayette's contribution to the American Revolution and
how our struggle for freedom influenced his country's fight for independence.
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1.) The significance of the Magna Carta, the
English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact.
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2.) The Articles of Confederation and the
Constitution, and the success of each in implementing the ideals of the
Declaration of Independence.
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3.) The major debates that occurred during
the development of the Constitution and their ultimate resolutions areas
such as shared power among institutions, divided state-federal power, slavery,
and the rights of individuals and states.
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4.) The political philosophy underpinning
the U.S. Constitution as specified in The Federalist and the role of such
leaders as James Madison, George Washington, Roger Sherman, George Morris,
and James Wilson in the writing and ratification of the Const.
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5.) The significance of Jefferson's Statue
for Religious Freedom as a forerunner of the First Amendment, and the origins,
purpose and differing views of the founding fathers on the separation of
church and state doctrine.
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6.) The powers of government enumerated in
the Constitution and the fundamental liberties ensured by the Bill of Rights.
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7.) The principles of federalism, dual sovereignty,
separation of powers, checks and balances, the nature and purpose of majority
rule, and how the American idea of constitutionalism preserves individual
rights.
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Understand the political philosophies of the
two factions that
led the debate on the Constitution.
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Explain the positions held by notable figures
at the
Constitutional Convention.
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Explain the central issues held by the Constitutional
framers
and how those issues are still present today.
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Analyze the rationale for the addition of
the Bill of Rights.
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Standard 8.3
Students understand the
foundation of the American political system and the ways citizens participate
in it in terms of:
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1.) The Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 as it
related to privatizing national resources and transferring federally owned
lands into private holdings, townships and states.
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2.) The advantages of a "common market)) among
states that included clauses on interstate commerce, common coinage and
full-faith and coinage.
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3.) The conflict of policy between Jefferson
and Hamilton that leads to the emergence of the two party system in the
United States.
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4.) The significance of domestic resistance
movements and the response of the government.
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5.) The basic law-making process.
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6.) The opportunities available for citizens
to participate in the political process.
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7.) The importance, function and responsibility
of a free press.
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Skills :
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Discuss the importance of individuals, townships and states each
owning their own property. Why did the federal government do this?
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Compare and contrast the Jefferson and Hamilton viewpoints on foreign
policy, economic policy, and the Alien and Sedition Acts.
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Explain the reasoning behind Shays ]Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion.
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Explain several opportunities for citizens to get involved in the
political process.
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Describe the past and present importance of a free press
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Standard 8.4
Students analyze the
various problems of the newly formed government and its leaders.
Explore the aspirations and ideals of the people_of the new nation in terms
of:
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1.) The geography of the new nation and its
subsequent expansion during the terms of the first four presidents.
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2.) The significance of famous speeches including
Washington's Farewell Address and Jefferson's Inaugural Address.
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3.) The rise of capitalism reinforced by some
early decision of the Supreme Court.
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4.) The daily lives of ordinary people.
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5.) The foundation of American art, music
and literature.
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Skills:
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Locate physical landscapes as well as political divisions
of the new nation on a map.
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Analyze the importance of early territorial expansion.
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Explain the importance of developing a sense of
nationalism through the writings of Irving and Cooper.
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Standard 8.5
Students understand and
empathize with the changing politics of the times and continue to examine
the challenges faced by the American people with an emphasis on the Northeast
in terms of:
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1.) The influence of industrialization and
technological developments on the Northeast
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2.) The building of roads, canals and railroads.
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3.) The significance of immigration from Northern
Europe.
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4.) The importance of free blacks who use
churches and schools to advance their civil rights.
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5.) The steady development of the American
education system.
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6.) The importance of the men and women behind
the women's suffrage movement.
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7.) The Transcendentalist authors and their
work.
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Skills:
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Map or chart the transportation system before and after the building
of turnpikes, canals and railroads.
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Graph a chart to show the immigration of peoples from various Northern
European countries and relate the importance of this immigration our country
today.
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Detail methods that free blacks used to fight slavery.
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Discuss the important men and women in the Suffrage Movement.
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Report on a Transcendental artist or author.
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Standard 8.6
Students
analyze the divergent paths of the American people from 1800 to the mid-1800's
and the challenges they faced, with emphasis on the Northeast, in terms
of:
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1. The influence of industrialization and
technological developments on the region, including human modification
of the landscape and how physical geography shaped human actions (e.g.,
growth of cities, deforestation, farming, mineral extraction).
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2. The physical obstacles to, and the economic
and political factors in (e.g., Henry Clayís American System), building
a network of roads, canals and railroads
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3. The reasons for the wave of immigration
from Northern Europe to the U.S. and growth in the number, size, and spatial
arrangements of cities (e.g., Irish immigrants and the Great Irish Famine)
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4. The lives of black Americans who gained
freedom in the North and founded schools and churches to advance black
rights and communities
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5. The development of the American education
system from its earliest roots, including the role of religious and private
schools, Horace Mann's campaign for free public education, and its assimilating
role in American culture
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6. The women's suffrage movement (e.g., biographies,
writings, and speeches of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Margaret Fuller, Lucretia
Mott, Susan B. Anthony)
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7. Common themes in American art as well as
Transcendentalism and individualism (e.g., writings about and by Emerson,
Thoreau, Melville, Alcott, Hawthorne, Longfellow)
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Skills:
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List the inventions between 1790 and 1850 which transformed manufacturing,
transportation, mining, communications, and agriculture and explain the
way they affected how people lived and worked.
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Illustrate the network of canals and railroads in the 1830s and
1840s and describe the geographic factors which had to be overcome to facilitate
their construction.
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Examine excerpts from literature such as Charles Dickens's American
Notes, Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America, and letters written
by women who worked in the Lowell mills and use these to explain political,
economic, and social aspects of the industrial revolution.
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Explain the push-pull factors which influenced immigration to the
U.S. in the antebellum period and describe the life of immigrants in both
urban and rural America.
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Identify the leading reformers of the day, describe how they addressed
certain issues, and evaluate the effectiveness of their programs.
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Develop biographical sketches of prominent Northeasterners of the
antebellum period and explain how they influenced life in their region
and throughout the nation
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Standard 8.7
Students trace the divergent
paths of the American people from 1800 to the mid 1800's and the challenges
they faced, with emphasis on the South in terms of:
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1.) The development of agrarian economy
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2.) The effect of slavery on black Americans
and the entire development of the South's political, social, religious,
economic and cultural paths
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3.) The characteristics of the white population
in the South.
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4.) The comparison between Southern free blacks
and Northern free blacks
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Skills:
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Research the role of cotton and the cotton gin.
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Examine the impact slavery had on the South's political, social,
religious, economic and cultural development.
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Gain a perspective on the white population in the South
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Cite examples of opportunities for Southern free blacks and Northern
free blacks.
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1.) The election of Andrew Jackson in 1828,
the importance
of Jacksonian democracy, and his actions as
president.
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2.) The purpose, challenges and economic incentives
associated
with westward expansion including the concept
of Manifest Destiny
and the territorial acquisitions that spanned
numerous decades.
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3.) The role of pioneer women and the new
status that western
women achieved.
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4.) The role of the great rivers and the struggle
over water rights.
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6.) The Texas War for Independence and the
Mexican-American War.
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Recognize that with the Louisiana Purchase the U.S. expanded
westward.
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Describe the adventures and hardships faced by Lewis and Clark.
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Identify contributions the expedition made
to America.
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Distinguish factual from fictional accounts.
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Standard 8.9
Students analyze the
early and steady attempts to abolish slavery and realize the ideals of
the Declaration of Independence, in terms of:
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1.) The leaders of the movement (e.g., biographies
and other literature on John Quincy Adams and his proposed constitutional
amendment, John Brown and the armed resistance, Harriet Tubman and the
underground railroad, Benjamin Franklin, Theodore Weld, William Lloyd Garrison,
Frederick Douglass).
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2.) How early state constitutions abolished
slavery.
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3.) The role of the Northwest Ordinance in
education and in banning slavery in new states north of the Ohio River.
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4.) The slavery issue as raised by the annexation
of Texas and the effect of California coming into the union as a free state
as part of the Compromise of 1850.
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5.) The significance of the States' Rights
Doctrine, Missouri Compromise (1820), Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise
of 1850, Henry Clay's role in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise
of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), Dred Scott v. Sandford
(1857), and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858).
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6.) The lives of free blacks and the laws
that curbed their freedom and economic opportunity.
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Skills
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Research one of the following leaders of the antislavery movement:
John Quincy Adams, John Brown, Harriet Tubman, Benjamin Franklin, William
Lloyd Garrison or Frederic Douglass.
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Examine the Missouri Compromise as a temporary solution to the free
state/slave state issue.
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Outline the following as they relate to the States' Rights Doctrine:
Missouri Compromise (1820), Wilmot Proviso (1846), Compromise of 1850,
Kansas-Nebraske Act (1854) and the Dred Scott Case (1857).
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1.) The conflicting interpretations of state
and federal authority
as emphasized in the speeches and writings
of statesmen such as
Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun.
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2.) The boundaries constituting "the North:"
and "the South", the
geographical differences between the two regions,
and the differences
between agrarians and industrialists.
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3.) The constitutional issues posed by the
doctrine of nullification and
secession and the earliest origins of that
doctrine.
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4.) Abraham Lincoln's presidency and his significant
writings and
speeches and their relationship to the Declaration
of Independence
such as his ""House Divided"" speech, the
Gettysburg Address, the
Emancipation Proclamation, his inaugural addresses.
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5.) The views and lives of leaders and soldiers
on both sides of the
war, including black soldiers and regiments.
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6.) Critical developments in the war, including
the major battles,
geographical advantages and obstacles, technological
advances,
and Lee's surrender at Appomattox.
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7.) How the war affected combatants, with
the largest death toll
of any war in American history, and the physical
devastation, the
effect on civilians, and the effect on future
warfare.
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Describe the major events and persons of the
Civil War.
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Identify the effects of the Civil War on the
lives of Americans.
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Compare and contrast the war from both sides
of the war.
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Describe the geography and its importance
to the war and
people during the Civil War.
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Standard 8.11
Students analyze the
lasting consequences of Reconstruction on both the North and the South
in terms of:
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1 .) The original philosophy of Reconstruction
and its far reaching effects on different regions.
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2.) The mass migration of former slaves to
both the North
and the West.
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3.) The impact of Black Codes, "Jim Crow"
laws, and racial segregation as well as the positive effects of the Freedman's
Bureau.
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4.) The significance of the Ku Klux Klan.
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5.) The importance of the 13th, 14th and 15th
Amendments.
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Skills:
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Compare the plan of Reconstruction as seen through the eyes of Lincoln
with the plan proposed by the Radical Republicans (the Wade-Davis Bill)
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Trace the push-pull factor that drew many former slaves to the North
and the West.
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Gain a perspective on the long lasting effect that Black Codes,
"Jim Crow" laws and racial segregation had on the entire population of
both the North and the South.
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Consider the Ku Klux Klan and its effect on society.
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Identify the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments and their importance.
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1.) Patterns of agriculture/industrial development
as they relate
to climate, natural resource use, markets,
and trade.
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2.) The reasons for the development of federal
Indian policy and
the Plains Wars with American Indians and
their relationship to
agricultural development and industrialization.
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3.) How states/federal government encouraged
business expansion
through tariffs, banking, land grants, and
subsidies.
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4.) Entrepreneurs, industrialists, and bankers
in politics, commerce,
and industry.
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5.) The location and effects of urbanization,
renewed immigration,
and industrialization.
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6.) Child labor, working conditions, laissez-faire
policies toward
big business and the rise of the labor movement,
including collective
bargaining, strikes, and protests over labor
conditions.
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7.) The new sources of large scale immigration
and the contribution
of immigrants to the building of cities and
the economy; the ways in
which new social and economic patterns encouraged
assimilation of
newcomers into the mainstream.
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8.) The significant inventors and their inventions
and the incentives
that prompted the quality of life.
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Research and report on the entrepreneurs, industrialists and
bankers in politics, commerce, and industry."
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Research and report on the rise of the labor movement, collective
bargaining, strikes, working conditions and child labor."
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Gain a perspective of the inventions of the Industrial Revolution
and consider the effects of those inventions on modern life.
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